A square-checkered board with 64 squares arranged in an eight-by-eight grid, chess is a two-player board game played on a chessboard. Each competitor begins the game with sixteen pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two knights, two bishops, and eight pawn. The object of the game is to checkmate the opponent's king, whereby the king is under in need of concentration attack (in "check") and there is no way to remove or defend it from attack on the next move. The game's present form emerge in Europe during the second half of the 15th century, an evolution of an older Indian game, Saharan. Theoreticians have developed extensive chess strategies and tactics since the game's inception. Computers have been used for many years to create chess-playing programs, and their abilities and insights have contributed appreciably to modern chess presumption. One, Deep Blue, was the first instrument to strike a reigning World Chess Champion when it defeated Garry Kasparov in 1997.
